Diabetes, one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally, comes with various complications affecting different parts of the body. A major, often lesser-known impact of diabetes is on the eyes. Among the several eye complications caused by diabetes, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) stands as a leading cause of vision loss. This article will shed light on Diabetic Macular Edema, its causes, symptoms, treatment, and preventive measures.
What is Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)?
DME is a complication of diabetes that directly affects the macula – part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. In DME, fluid accumulates in the macula due to leaking blood vessels, causing it to swell and impairing vision. It generally occurs as a consequence of a condition known as diabetic retinopathy, the most common diabetic eye disease.
Who is at Risk for DME?
Any individual with type 1 or type 2 diabetes can develop DME. However, the risk increases with the duration of diabetes. Other factors fuelling DME risk include poor control of blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, pregnancy, and kidney disease.
Symptoms of Diabetic Macular Edema
DME can be quite insidious in the early stages, showing little to no symptoms. The condition typically starts with slight blurring of central vision, which can gradually worsen over time if left untreated. As DME continues progressing, colours may appear washed out or changed. Eventually, it can cause a substantial loss of central vision.
Diagnosing and Treating DME
DME is diagnosed through a comprehensive dilated eye exam, which may include visual acuity testing, tonometry, pupil dilation, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
In terms of treatment, the main aim is to slow the leakage of fluid, hence reducing the swelling. This is commonly achieved through:
- Laser surgery: Under this procedure, light rays are focused on the damaged blood vessels to seal the leaks.
- Injectable medicines: Drugs called anti-VEGF can be injected into the eye to block a specific protein that contributes to the abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage.
- Corticosteroids: Administered as eye drops, pills or injections, steroids can help in reducing inflammation and controlling edema.
Managing and Preventing DME
DME management and prevention revolve around meticulous diabetes control and maintaining overall good health. Regularly monitor and manage blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Annual eye exams are also instrumental in detecting an early onset or changes in existing conditions.
The Final Word
Remember, not every person diagnosed with DME will lose their sight. However, early detection and proper treatment are key to preventing the worsening of the condition. Make sure to keep an eye on your eye health: stay vigilant about changes in your vision, manage your diabetes meticulously, and have regular eye exams for early detection and intervention.
Diabetic Macular Edema is a significant health concern but armed with the right awareness and tools, you can minimize its impact on your life.
